
The Effect of Slits and Notches in Fabric Specimens under Biaxial Tension
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During airbag deployment and occupant interaction, airbag woven fabrics are ideally subjected to biaxial tension. Explicit finite element solvers capture the material behaviour of woven fabrics by modelling two unidirectional layers of fibers exhibiting nonlinear stress-strain behaviour given by tabular input data that, additionally, may depend on either strain rate, temperature or transversal strain. For model calibration, fabric materials are subjected to biaxial tension and therefor loaded and unloaded in several subsequent loading cycles. Different sample geometries have evolved over time, since biaxial tensile loading of woven fabrics is not straight-forward, predominantly due to the constrained transversal contraction and the risk of inadvertently introducing defects by the mounting clamps. In this study, different sample geometries of an airbag fabric are analyzed with respect to its dependence on the ultimate failure limit. A simple quadratic sample geometry is selected as a reference. Special focus is put on the effects of the integration of slits, the size of notch radii and the transversal in-plane degree of freedom that is usually constrained by the clamps. Preliminiary results indicate that the transition from a quadratic sample to a cruciform sample significantly reduces undesired stress concentrations near the corners, whereas the integration of parallel slits or the smoothing of corners by integrating notch radii have only minor influence on the failure limit. Experimental results are compared to numerical simulations and discussed with respect to recommendations found in literature.